Plagiarism Policy
The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all forms of plagiarism seriously. Plagiarism is defined as the use of ideas, data, text, figures, or results of others without appropriate acknowledgment, as well as the reuse of one’s own previously published work without proper citation (self-plagiarism).
Types of Plagiarism. The journal considers the following practices unacceptable:
- direct plagiarism: copying text or results verbatim from another source without citation;
- mosaic plagiarism: borrowing phrases, ideas, or concepts without proper acknowledgment;
- self-plagiarism: submitting previously published work or substantial parts of it without disclosure or citation;
- data and figure plagiarism: unauthorized use of tables, images, graphs, or experimental data.
Plagiarism Detection. All submitted manuscripts are screened for plagiarism using reliable plagiarism detection software before peer review and, if necessary, at later stages of the publication process. The acceptable similarity threshold is determined by the editorial board, taking into account disciplinary standards and the nature of the overlap.
Editorial Actions.
- Manuscripts with minor similarity issues may be returned to the authors for revision and proper citation.
- Manuscripts with significant or unacceptable levels of plagiarism will be rejected outright.
- If plagiarism is identified after publication, the journal reserves the right to issue a correction, retraction, or expression of concern in accordance with COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines.
Author Responsibilities. Authors are responsible for ensuring that:
- the submitted manuscript is original and has not been published elsewhere;
- all sources are properly cited;
- permissions are obtained for the reuse of copyrighted material where applicable.